Recent advances in artificial intelligence driven by growing computing powers, rising amount of generated data and improvement of machine learning algorithms have led to major breakthroughs such as the series of Alpha algorithms by Google’s Deepmind or OpenAI’s ChatGPT. The speed of this technological growth is exponential and the proliferation of this technology is both horizontal (across states) vertical (from state to non-state actors). This raises alarming prospects about the potential malicious uses of this technology and the way to prevent them. Furthermore, similar developments can be observed in other emerging technologies such as quantum computing, nanotechnologies, neuroscience or synthetic biology. The convergence of these technologies together raise the prospects of ...