For some time now, operational technology has been undergoing constant change, which is summarised under the collective term Industry 4.0. Away from the isolated production enclaves of the time, production has evolved towards integrated, connected and distributed production environments. However, connecting machines to the internet brings serious cyber risks in addition to benefits such as remote maintenance and predictive maintenance. Especially if the operating area is not yet designed for this type of networking and no suitable measures have been taken to secure these areas. 

Generally, production machines are exposed to a long life cycle and are thus vulnerable to cyber attacks. This is because such systems are often no longer updateable and cannot be upgraded du ...